A look at the process of pelletizing iron ore for steel. The following iron ore specifications guide contains the primary specifications and methodologies for platts iron ore assessments throughout the world. Floform iron ore pelletization floform, an alternative traditionally bentonite is used as binder, but it reintroduces deleterious elements such as silica and alumina. Pdf a brief introduction to recent developments in iron ore pelletizing is provided in this chapter, including the world output of fired pellets. Pelletizing is commonly used when the ore needs to be shipped great distances to the blast furnace due to the better durability of pellets 5, 6.
In the straight grate system, a continuous parade of grate cars moves at the same speed though the drying, induration and cooling zones. Study on the induration cycle during pelletization of. Process flexibility pelletization process there are two main processes for producing iron ore pellets. An overview find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. However, the content of iron in ore deposits has deteriorated and lowgrade iron ore has been processed. Sampling and characterization approximately 50 kg of iron ore fines was collected and after sampling was carried out, particle size analysis was done. The selection of an appropriate binder type and dosage is of critical importance in producing good quality pellets at a reasonable price. Study on the induration cycle during pelletization of goethitic iron ore golap md. This iron ore is mixed with water, bentonite or other organic binders less expensive and contaminant 12, and lime and treated. Zahl united states department of the interior manuel j. Jul 10, 2017 the iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. In one of the studies, calcined colemanite alone and combination with bentonite were tested as alternative binder in the.
Toencourage enrichment of lowgrade iron ore, of which we have huge reserves, i propose to reduce basic customs duty on plant and machinery imported for setting up or substantial expansion of iron ore pellet plants or iron ore beneficiation plants from 7. Pelletisation of iron ore process introduction to iron ore pellets and pelletizing process pelletizing is a process which involves mixing of very finely ground particles of iron ore fines having a size which is less than 200 mesh 0074 mm with additives like bentonite and then shaping them into near ovalspherical balls having size in. Besides such inherent advantages as densification and prevention of dust losses, the pelletization of iron ore has been found to markedly increase the efficiency of the blast furnace operation. Iron ore fines were taken, carefully weighed and used to prepare the pellets. Pelletization is an agglomeration process of iron ore concentrates with a granulometry lower than 150 m and low concentration of impurities 10, 11. Typically limestone, dolomite and olivine is added and bentonite is used as binder the process of pelletizing combines mixing of. Watch how pelletization of iron ore can lead to energy savings of 126 tj with a 50% increase in sponge iron production annually.
Hence, the two together can be used as binder in place of bentonite in iron ore pelletization 7. This chapter shows the status of the pelletizing process. Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void i. The pelletization procedure consists of agglomerating the ore powder into green balls or. Library of congress cataloging in publication data. Rom iron ore with fe less than 58 60% discarded as waste. Effect of additives concentration on pelletization of high. India is the fourth largest producer of iron ores in the world.
Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing low. Pdf use of boron compounds as binders in iron ore pelletization. The sintering process uses the combustion heat of coke breeze fuel. Concentrateground iron ore of typical size 80 % less than 45 microns 0. Iron ore, pelletization, agglomeration, bentonite, organic binders, boron compounds, colemanite. Materials and methods the basis of the study was the site survey, sampling from the selected sites, interaction with local people. Even though the use of bentonite in iron ore pelletizing is essential, it is also a problem due to its adverse effects, caused by the impurities introduced with bentonite, on iron steel economy.
Iron ore pelletizing gratekiln system brochure metso. Pelletizing iron ore powerpoint pelletizing of iron ores kurt meyer iron ore metals this book is a reference in the knowledge of iron ore pelletizing he deals with various aspects from raw materials for pelletizing processes equipment technologies effect of additives on the metallurgical properties of pellets and more pelletization of. The pelletization process is the primary consumer of binders in the iron ore industry. Iron ore pelletization technology and its environmental. The iron ore enters the sorting process with an iron content of around 45 % and leaves ataround62%. These are the timestamps used for platts iron ore assessments. During the iron ore sintering process, calcium ferrite phase is believed to be the most desirable bonding phase because it has high reducibility and sufficient mechanical strength 35. The selection of an appropriate binder type and dosage is of critical importance. Data reported at or after these timestamps is not considered in the assessment process. They typically contain 6472% fe and various additional material adjusting the chemical composition and the metallurgic properties of the pellets. Bentonite is the most widely used binder in iron ore pelletizing industry.
Oct 12, 2017 effects of bentonite fiber formation in iron ore pelletization. Boron compounds have been tested as a binder in iron ore pelletization either alone or in combination with organic binders. Iron ore pellets are used in blast electric furnaces for. The majority of domestic iron ore has historically been supplied from the lake superior region of northern minnesota and michigan. Sintering and pelletizing process of ore preparation pdf. For the pelletizing of iron ore there are two main types of processes namely, the straight travelling grate stg process and the grate kiln gk process. The fines resulting from the concentration process must be agglomerated for use in iron and steelmaking. Introduction to iron ore pellets and pelletizing processes pelletizing is a process which involves mixing of very finely ground particles of iron ore fines having a size which is less than 200 mesh 0. Depending on the quality of iron ore, a dual binder system comprising both. Iron ores can be classified as high grade and low grade in terms of their fe content. Iron ore sintering and pelletizing are the predominant processes in the iron making industry 1,2. Pelletization of fine powders has grown enormously in importance as an industrial process and particularly so in the iron ore industry. Use of boron compounds as binders in iron ore pelletization.
Raw material preparation during the process for pelletization iron ore concentrate from iron ore beneficiation plant is dried and heated to around 120 deg c. The iron ore production has significantly expanded in recent years, owing to increasing steel demands in developing countries. The production of iron and steel in china has increased dramatically. The dried material is fed to the ball mill for grinding. Development on iron ore pelletization using calcined lime and. In 1987, this region accounted for 96 pct of the total domestic iron ore production, with these states responsible for about 71 and 25 pct, respectively 1.
High grade iron ore less than 10% of the total reserves. Addition of 1% betonies to an iron ore concentrate results in a lowering of acid pellet iron content by 0. The pelletization process is the primary consumer of binders in the iron ore indus try. The gratekiln system and the straight grate system. Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing low grade. The feasibility of replacing coal with biomass in ironore.
Mining, low grade iorn ore, pellet plant, beneficiation, eia. Jan 01, 2015 the pelletization process is the primary consumer of binders in the iron ore industry. Iron ore pellets and pelletization process ispatguru. Binders accomplish two very important functions in iron ore pelletization. O shyamraipur, and tehsil kharagpur, in paschim midnapur district of west bengal after obtaining the necessary consent to establishment for 1. The shift to iron ore pellets has the advantage that they require. Steel community and the country demand technological solutions for utilising low grade ores. Jan 01, 2020 the pelletization process can convert the iron ore fines iron ore. Gratekiln system for iron ore pelletizing metso automation.
Beneficiation plants and pelletizing plants for utilizing. Chemical analysis of iron ore and fluxes including bentonite are shown in tables 2 and 3, respectively. To make lean taconite iron ores useful required a technologic breakthrough pelletization. Pellets are made from iron ore that is finer than that used for sintered ore. Pdf processing of low grade iron ore fines and utilisation. Introduction to iron ore pellets and pelletizing processes. In pelletizing, iron ore, water and a binder are balled in a mechanical disc or drum to produce wet pellets. The iron ore fines has been mixed with bentonite, coke. Metso iron ore pelletization iron ore pelletization. Iron ore pellets are spheres of typically 616 mm 0. An overview find, read and cite all the research you need. Lotta casey organic binders for iron ore pelletization. Effects of bentonite fiber formation in iron ore pelletization.
Iron ore pelletizing the main raw material in iron steel industry is iron ore. May 03 20 pelletising and sintering pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet a wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals iron ore animal. Introduction annual production of steel in india is expected to reach close to 200 million tonnes mark by the year 2020 making india worlds second largest steel producer. A few researchers have investigated the use of boron compounds in iron ore agglomeration and found promising results koroglu, 1980, timucin et al. After beneficiation iron ore availability can improve by about 50%. Nov 26, 2014 iron ore pellets and pelletization process pelletizing of iron ore was started in the 1950s to facilitate the utilization of finely ground iron ore concentrates in steel production. In many cases, ore with a total iron content of 60% to 63%, or greater, is regarded as high grade, and ore with a lower iron content is regarded as low grade. Development on iron ore pelletization using calcined lime.
Mineralogy, processing and environmental issues summarizes recent, key research on the characterization of iron ores, including important topics such as beneficiation separation and refining, agglomeration e. Iron ore pelletization and washing plant is situated at notified industrial area under madhya pradesh audyogik kendra vikas nigams. Materials and methods the basis of the study was the site survey, sampling. Jul 01, 2002 iron ore pelletization plants in the united states used approximately 612,000 metric tons of bentonite as a binder to produce iron ore concentrate pellets in 2000 virta, 2001.
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